GAL11 / YOL051W Overview
- Standard Name
- GAL11 1
- Systematic Name
- YOL051W
- SGD ID
- SGD:S000005411
- Aliases
- MED15 7 , RAR3 8 , SDS4 9 , SPT13 10 , ABE1
- Feature Type
- ORF , Verified
- Description
- Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex; associates with core polymerase subunits to form the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme; affects transcription by acting as target of activators and repressors; forms part of the tail domain of mediator 2 3 4 5 6
- Name Description
- GALactose metabolism 1
- Comparative Info
-
Sequence
The S. cerevisiae Reference Genome sequence is derived from laboratory strain S288C. Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. Click "Sequence Details" to view all sequence information for this locus, including that for other strains.
- Summary
- GAL11 is located on the left arm of chromosome XV between snoRNA SNR81 and GSH2 glutathione synthetase; dubious ORF YOL050C overlaps 3' end of GAL11 on opposite strand; coding sequence is 3246 nucleotides long with 24 SNPs, 4 of which cause amino acid polymorshisms, and 3 variable microsatellites
Analyze Sequence
S288C only
BLASTN | BLASTP | Design Primers | Restriction Fragment Map | Restriction Fragment Sizes | Six-Frame Translation
S288C vs. other species
BLASTN vs. fungi | BLASTP at NCBI | BLASTP vs. fungi
S288C vs. other strains
Protein
Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein.
- Summary
- Gal11p is 1081 amino acids long, short-lived, and low in abundance; contains KIX domain; N-glycosylated on 3 asparagines, sumoylated on 3 lysines, phosphorylated on 41 residues
- Length (a.a.)
- 1081
- Mol. Weight (Da)
- 120350.9
- Isoelectric Point
- 10.49
- Median Abundance (molecules/cell)
- 3123 +/- 1129
- Half-life (hr)
- 4.5
Alleles
Curated mutant alleles for the specified gene, listed alphabetically. Click on the allele name to open the allele page. Click "SGD search" to view all alleles in search results.
View all GAL11 alleles in SGD search
Gene Ontology
GO Annotations consist of four mandatory components: a gene product, a term from one of the three Gene Ontology (GO) controlled vocabularies (Molecular Function, Biological Process, and Cellular Component), a reference, and an evidence code. SGD has manually curated and high-throughput GO Annotations, both derived from the literature, as well as computational, or predicted, annotations. Click "Gene Ontology Details" to view all GO information and evidence for this locus as well as biological processes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Subunit of the core mediator complex; functions as a RNA pol II coactivator involved in preinitiation complex assembly; binds TFIIE and TFIIH-class transcription factors; recruits Gcn4p to the transcriptional machinery; involved in regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters, positive regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation, and regulation of core mediator complex localization to chromosomes in response to heat shock
View computational annotations
Molecular Function
- Manually Curated
Biological Process
- Manually Curated
- involved in cellular response to heat (IMP)
- involved in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (IMP)
- involved in positive regulation of invasive growth in response to glucose limitation (IMP)
- involved in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (IMP, IDA)
- involved in regulation of establishment of protein localization to chromosome (IMP, IGI)
- involved in RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex assembly (IDA)
Cellular Component
- Manually Curated
- part of core mediator complex (IDA)
Complex
Macromolecular complex annotations are imported from the Complex Portal. These annotations have been derived from physical molecular interaction evidence extracted from the literature and cross-referenced in the entry, or by curator inference from information on homologs in closely related species or by inference from scientific background.
Phenotype
Phenotype annotations for a gene are curated single mutant phenotypes that require an observable (e.g., "cell shape"), a qualifier (e.g., "abnormal"), a mutant type (e.g., null), strain background, and a reference. In addition, annotations are classified as classical genetics or high-throughput (e.g., large scale survey, systematic mutation set). Whenever possible, allele information and additional details are provided. Click "Phenotype Details" to view all phenotype annotations and evidence for this locus as well as phenotypes it shares with other genes.
- Summary
- Non-essential gene; null exhibits slow growth, slow respiratory growth, sensitivity to visible light-induced stress, increased resistance to MMS and to rapamycin, decreased oxidative stress resistance, decreased osmotic stress resistance, increased mitophagy, increased heat sensitivity, decreased competitive fitness, decreased resistance to cycloheximide, camptothecin, HU, acidic pH, fluconazole; overexpression slows growth
Classical Genetics
- null
- metal resistance: decreased
- osmotic stress resistance: decreased
- protein/peptide modification: decreased
- protein/peptide modification: increased
- resistance to chemicals: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: increased
- RNA accumulation: decreased
- utilization of carbon source: absent
- utilization of sulfur source: decreased
- reduction of function
- null
- acid pH resistance: decreased
- anaerobic growth: decreased
- cell size: increased
- chemical compound accumulation: abnormal
- chemical compound accumulation: decreased
- chemical compound accumulation: increased
- competitive fitness: decreased
- desiccation resistance: decreased
- haploinsufficient
- heat sensitivity: increased
- hyperosmotic stress resistance: decreased
- mitophagy: increased
- oxidative stress resistance: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: decreased
- resistance to chemicals: increased
- resistance to enzymatic treatment: decreased
- respiratory growth: absent
- respiratory growth: decreased
- respiratory growth: increased
- sporulation: decreased
- stress resistance: decreased
- telomere length: decreased
- toxin resistance: decreased
- vegetative growth: decreased
- vegetative growth: decreased rate
- viable
- overexpression
Large-scale Survey
Interaction
Interaction annotations are curated by BioGRID and include physical or genetic interactions observed between at least two genes. An interaction annotation is composed of the interaction type, name of the interactor, assay type (e.g., Two-Hybrid), annotation type (e.g., manual or high-throughput), and a reference, as well as other experimental details. Click "Interaction Details" to view all interaction annotations and evidence for this locus, including an interaction visualization.
- Summary
- Gal11p interacts physically with proteins involved in transcription; GAL11 interacts genetically with genes involved in transcription
391 total interactions for 204 unique genes
Physical Interactions
- Affinity Capture-MS: 112
- Affinity Capture-RNA: 9
- Affinity Capture-Western: 68
- Co-crystal Structure: 3
- Co-localization: 4
- Co-purification: 13
- Far Western: 1
- PCA: 38
- Protein-peptide: 2
- Reconstituted Complex: 22
- Two-hybrid: 7
Genetic Interactions
- Dosage Lethality: 1
- Dosage Rescue: 18
- Negative Genetic: 37
- Phenotypic Enhancement: 4
- Phenotypic Suppression: 7
- Positive Genetic: 8
- Synthetic Growth Defect: 18
- Synthetic Lethality: 12
- Synthetic Rescue: 7
Regulation
The number of putative Regulators (genes that regulate it) and Targets (genes it regulates) for the given locus, based on experimental evidence. This evidence includes data generated through high-throughput techniques. Click "Regulation Details" to view all regulation annotations, shared GO enrichment among regulation Targets, and a regulator/target diagram for the locus.
- Summary
- GAL11 (also called MED15) encodes a component of the tail module of the Mediator transcriptional regulation complex. The Mediator complex is highly conserved from yeast to human, and is a central player in the transcriptional regulation of protein-coding genes, being required for nearly all transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Mediator bridges activators and the general transcription machinery. The core Mediator complex contains three distinct head, middle, and tail modules. Gal11p, Nut1p, Pgd1p, Med2p, and Sin4p are part of the tail module, which has a gene-selective, as opposed to a general, role in transcription, and is largely dedicated to the activation of genes involved in cellular responses to environmental signals. By interacting with activators, Mediator tail module subunits signal through the head and middle modules, which interact with general transcription factors and RNAPII subunits, to the basal transcription machinery to regulate transcription initiation. The tail module preferentially targets stress-regulated, TATA-containing, SAGA- and Swi/Snf-dependent genes, and may function along with specific chromatin regulators to provide a platform for preinitiation complex (PIC) formation at these highly regulated loci. Subunits of the Mediator tail module are also required for the activation of metabolic genes. Oleate-activated transcription factor Oaf1p interacts directly with Gal11p through the conserved KIX domain to regulate fatty acid metabolism. Gal11p regulates galactose and amino acid metabolism by directly interacting with transcriptional activators Gal4p and Gcn4p. Gal11p also binds directly the pleiotropic drug response transcription factor Pdr1p to influence regulation of genes involved in drug-efflux pumps.
Expression
Expression data are derived from records contained in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and are first log2 transformed and normalized. Referenced datasets may contain one or more condition(s), and as a result there may be a greater number of conditions than datasets represented in a single clickable histogram bar. The histogram division at 0.0 separates the down-regulated (green) conditions and datasets from those that are up-regulated (red). Click "Expression Details" to view all expression annotations and details for this locus, including a visualization of genes that share a similar expression pattern.
Summary Paragraph
A summary of the locus, written by SGD Biocurators following a thorough review of the literature. Links to gene names and curated GO terms are included within the Summary Paragraphs.
Last Updated: 2024-06-24
Literature
All manually curated literature for the specified gene, organized into topics according to their relevance to the gene (Primary Literature, Additional Literature, or Review). Click "Literature Details" to view all literature information for this locus, including shared literature between genes.