Chemical reaction rate coefficients and free energies are usually time-independent quantities. Protein folding in vitro is one such reaction with a fixed energy landscape. However, in the milieu of the cell, the energy landscape can be modulated in space and time by fluctuations in the intracellular environment such as cytoskeletal rearrangements, changes in biomolecule concentrations, and large scale cellular reorganization. We studied the time dependence of the folding landscape of a FRET-labeled enzyme, yeast phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK-FRET). Living U2OS cells served as our test tube, and the mammalian cell cycle, a process strictly regulated in time, served as our clock. We found that both the rate of folding and the thermodynamic stability of PGK-FRET are cell cycle-dependent. We also assayed folding rates of PGK-FRET in spatial proximity to and far away from mitotic chromosomes. Our results show that expedited folding in DNA-rich regions cannot account for the faster rate of PGK-FRET folding in mitotic cells.
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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| Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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| Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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| Evidence ID | Analyze ID | File | Description |
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