Background: The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly used in industry, exhibits complex metabolism due to the Crabtree effect, fermenting alcohol even under aerobic conditions when glucose exceeds 0.10-0.15 g/L. The heat released by the biological activity is a signal very easy to collect, given the minimal instrumentation requirements. However, this heat depends on the activated metabolic pathways and provides only an indirect indicator, that cannot be used in a simple way. This study demonstrated the potential of a mechanistic model to control the process by measuring the heat released by the biological activity.
Results: The complexity arising from coexisting metabolic pathways was addressed by a comprehensive model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae together with the heat of reaction included in a rigorous enthalpy balance of the bioreactor. Batch cultures were performed in an insulated bioreactor to trigger a temperature signal. The heat of individual metabolic pathways was determined by inverse analysis of these tests using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO): -101.28 ±0.02kJ/mol for anaerobic fermentation, -231.27±0.06kJ/mol for aerobic fermentation, and -662.94 ± 0.54kJ/mol for ethanol respiration. Finally, the model was successfully applied and validated for online training under different operating conditions.
Conclusions: The model demonstrates remarkable accuracy, with a mean relative error under 0.38% in temperature predictions for both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The viscous dissipation is a key parameter specific to the bioreactor and the growth conditions. However, we demonstrated that this parameter could be fitted accurately from the early stages of the experiment for further prediction of the remaining part. This model introduces temperature, or the thermal power required to maintain temperature, as a measurable parameter for online feedback model training to provide increasingly precise feed-forward control.
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene/Complex | Systematic Name/Complex Accession | Qualifier | Gene Ontology Term ID | Gene Ontology Term | Aspect | Annotation Extension | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Phenotype | Experiment Type | Experiment Type Category | Mutant Information | Strain Background | Chemical | Details | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Gene | Gene Systematic Name | Disease Ontology Term | Disease Ontology Term ID | Qualifier | Evidence | Method | Source | Assigned On | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Regulator | Regulator Systematic Name | Target | Target Systematic Name | Direction | Regulation of | Happens During | Regulator Type | Direction | Regulation Of | Happens During | Method | Evidence | Strain Background | Reference |
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Site | Modification | Modifier | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Allele | Assay | Annotation | Action | Phenotype | SGA score | P-value | Source | Reference | Note |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Interactor | Interactor Systematic Name | Assay | Annotation | Action | Modification | Source | Reference | Note |
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Complement ID | Locus ID | Gene | Species | Gene ID | Strain background | Direction | Details | Source | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | Dataset | Description | Keywords | Number of Conditions | Reference |
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Evidence ID | Analyze ID | File | Description |
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